Solar and Wind energy systems are prominent component of Renewable Energy. Energy from solar systems is obtained via two major methods viz. solar photovoltaic system and solar thermal system. In solar photovoltaic system, the solar energy is directly converted into electricity using solar PV cells/arrays. This system can be deployed in small scale as roof mounted systems to feed homes, buildings etc. and also in the form of large scale land mounted setup which can generate hundreds of MW of power at a utility level. The solar thermal system also known as concentrated solar plants (CSP) convert the heat from the sun to a suitable working medium which in turn drives electric turbines to generate power. These are generally large land based setups. Wind Energy Conversion Systems (WECS) are installed to generate power. For small scale, domestic generation micro wind turbines are used while large systems are employed for utility scale commercial generation and are primarily in grid connected mode, however installations with Integrated Energy Storage (IES) systems are also reported at many locations across globe.  These systems are installed at both on shore and off shore locations based on availability of wind.

The renewable energy systems as described above can be operated in two basic modes, viz. off-Grid Mode and Grid Connected Mode. In the off-Grid mode, the power generated is stored in suitable storage mechanisms like battery and then used for supply through them as and when required deploying automated switching devices. The battery storage capacity should be sufficient to absorb the entire power being generated. This scheme ensures that the intermittency of the power generation is kept at bay form effecting the connected loads, but the cost economics hinder its large-scale applications. In grid connected mode, however the system is linked up with the utility grid and the local loads directly.

The power being generated is directly consumed by the loads through inverter mechanism in case of AC loads. Whenever the generated power exceeds the local connected load requirements the excess power is exported into the utility grid. This scheme facilitates revenue generation for the involved stakeholders thereby turning them into